Transport

Whether you travel by road, rail, air or sea, you can be sure that tribology has played a part in getting you to your destination safely and efficiently.

plane and train

Regardless of your mode of transport, tribology will be playing a part in it. Tribology is the study of interacting surfaces in relative motion, which means even the relationship between the sole of a shoe and a path is tribology. For vehicles such as cars and buses, the tribological systems are even more obvious. From the tyre contact with the road, to the brake pads and brake discs, through to bearings, gears and other engine components, tribological research has been conducted on a host of areas. Trains operate with similar tribological issues; they also have engines, brakes, and wheels, but here we are looking at a different scale of load and materials, requiring yet more in-depth research and evaluation. The same is true for boats, planes and bikes.

PCS’ range of instruments have been used by researchers at companies and universities around the world to study the full range of the tribological systems found in transport applications. With PCS’ equipment, researchers can achieve realistic and representative testing of lubricants, coatings and materials at a variety of different conditions, with test parameters and profiles tailored to match what is seen in the field. It is not just one piece of equipment that is used to develop understanding of a tribological system either, often a host of PCS’ instruments are used together to give a better picture of how lubricants, coatings or materials will stand up in the field.

Transport industry research areas include:

  • Boat powertrains
  • Train rail interfaces
  • Electric car powertrain systems
  • Extreme pressure additives for engines
  • Lubricants that can operate in vacuums for space flight

Transport Industry includes the following:

Automotive

Automotive

Many aspects of automotives are tribologically interesting. Extensive research into a host of components such as gearboxes, engines, bearings and brakes is ongoing around the world.

Aviation

Aviation

In aviation safety and reliability are key. Tribological investigation is key to making sure parts in planes and helicopters are appropriately protected by lubricants.

Heavy Duty Vehicles

Heavy Duty Vehicles

Like with cars, tribology research into heavy duty vehicles is ongoing and for this area higher loads are often focused on, for more representative test conditions.

Marine

Marine

Boats and ships operate in wet, often salty, conditions. Tribologists are working hard developing even more environmentally friendly and better performing lubricants for these unique conditions.

Space

Space

Even in space, tribology is still an important consideration. Every moving part on a satellite or space station will have been looked at to make sure they are reliable and appropriately lubricated.

Trains

Trains

Not only are the engines and gearboxes of trains subjects of tribological study, but also the contact between the rails and wheels. Even here tribological research is ongoing to optimise every aspect of train travel.

Instruments for the Transport Industry

Speak to us about our products

Get in touch

Transport Industry Articles & Papers

Article

Easy-Greasy: The New MPR GI

Testing grease in conditions that mimic real-world mechanical stresses has always been a significant challenge for researchers. Starvation during these …

Read more
Paper

Gaseous Lubricity Additives for Hydrogen Gas

There is great interest in using hydrogen as a gaseous fuel in combustion engines to eliminate CO2 emissions.  Unfortunately, hydrogen gas …

There is great interest in using hydrogen as a gaseous fuel in combustion engines to eliminate CO2 emissions.  Unfortunately, hydrogen gas is a poor lubricant for most engineering metals and an effective lubrication solution for pumping and injecting hydrogen is required. This study explores the possibility of additivating hydrogen with a low concentration of a lubricious gas to reduce friction and wear. We find that unsaturated hydrocarbon gas additives form protective carbon-based tribofilms, while gaseous ammonia and amine additives form nitrogen-based films on steel surfaces during rubbing in additivated hydrogen. Gaseous amines are particularly effective in reducing friction and wear, even at concentrations as low as 100 ppm mole/mole. This demonstrates that the addition of a small concentration of lubricious gas is a feasible way to improve the lubricity of gaseous hydrogen.


Keywords: Gas-phase Lubrication, Hydrogen, Tribofilm formation, Gaseous Additives

View abstract

View paper

Paper

Influence of Atmosphere on Carbonaceous Film Formation in Rubbing, Metallic Contacts

Many previous researchers have reported the formation of carbonaceous tribofilms from organic lubricants on rubbing metallic surfaces. This paper shows …

Many previous researchers have reported the formation of carbonaceous tribofilms from organic lubricants on rubbing metallic surfaces. This paper shows that a very important factor in the formation of such tribofilms is the presence or absence of molecular oxygen. When steel surfaces are rubbed in saturated hydrocarbon lubricants in the absence of oxygen, for example in nitrogen or hydrogen gas, carbonaceous films form very readily, resulting in low friction and wear. However, when a significant amount of oxygen is present, as is the case in air, carbonaceous tribofilms are not generally formed, so friction and wear are very high, with values comparable to those seen when no lubricant is present. In situ Raman analysis combined with gas-switching experiments show that the carbonaceous films formed during rubbing when no oxygen is present are rapidly removed during rubbing in air, while tests in which lubricant is removed during a test in N2 indicate that the films are quite weak. This suggests that these carbonaceous films are being continually removed and replenished during rubbing in oxygen-free conditions. It is proposed that these carbonaceous films are formed from hydrocarbyl free radicals that are generated mechanochemically from hydrocarbon molecules during rubbing. In the absence of oxygen, these free radicals then react together to form a carbonaceous film. However, when oxygen is present, the hydrocarbyl free radicals react extremely rapidly with oxygen molecules to produce hydroperoxyl free radicals and so are no longer available to generate a carbonaceous tribofilm.


Keywords: Carbon film, Free radical, Propane, Hexacane, Isooctane, Oxygen, Tribooxidation, Lubricant Inerting

View abstract

View paper